Legacies of Michigan’s Underground Railroad: Detroit
Its code name was “Midnight” to the conductors of the Underground Railroad.
Detroit played one of the most critical roles in the abolitionist movement, often serving as the last stop for freedom seekers before crossing into Canada.
After the U.S. passed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, it became legal for formerly enslaved people to be returned to their owners — even if they were in a free state. The Slavery Abolition Act had passed in Canada in 1834, although full emancipation wasn’t reached until 1838. In defiance of the Fugitive Slave Act, members of Detroit’s free Black community — along with white abolitionists — provided shelter, resources and guidance to freedom seekers.
Within the covert network, it’s believed that as many as 50,000 people came through Detroit on the Underground Railroad over the course of 40-plus years. Today, you can visit historical markers dedicated to the “conductors,” “station masters” and other significant sites throughout the city. See homages to the Detroit churches that provided sanctuary; to influential Black abolitionists like George DeBaptiste, who ferried freedom seekers across the Detroit River on his steamship; and to Seymour Finney, a hotelier who housed people in his nearby stables.
Click to get a complete list of historical sites and tours on the Underground Railroad in Detroit.
Detroit’s legacy as a beacon of hope on the Underground Railroad remains a vital part of American history. Visiting its historical sites offers a powerful reminder of the courageous abolitionists and safe havens that helped thousands find freedom.
Find more highlights and essential sites celebrating Michigan’s Black history.